Icelandic Sheepdog
The Icelandic Sheepdog is Icelands only native dog breed, a medium-sized spitz-type herder weighing 25 to 30 pounds with a thick double coat, curled tail, and an expression of perpetual cheerful alertness. Brought to Iceland by Viking settlers over a thousand years ago, this breed developed in isolation to herd sheep, ponies, and other livestock across volcanic terrain, and it retains the hardiness, agility, and weather resistance that harsh Nordic conditions demanded. Icelandic Sheepdogs are exceptionally friendly and sociable — they greet everyone with enthusiasm and generally get along well with other dogs, children, and even cats. Their primary behavioral trait, and the one that requires the most management, is barking. These dogs were bred to bark at circling birds of prey to protect lambs, and they apply that vocal vigilance to everything from passing pedestrians to falling leaves. Training a reliable quiet cue is essential. Exercise needs are moderate; daily walks of 45 to 60 minutes plus play and training sessions satisfy most individuals. They are highly trainable and eager to please, making them suitable for obedience, agility, and herding trials. The double coat sheds heavily twice a year and moderately in between, requiring regular brushing. Icelandic Sheepdogs do not do well in isolation and develop separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. For families wanting a friendly, manageable herding breed with a rich history and willing temperament, this breed delivers — provided you can tolerate the barking.
History
The Icelandic Sheepdog arrived in Iceland with Norse settlers in the 9th century and is closely related to the Norwegian Buhund and other Scandinavian spitz breeds. For over a millennium it served as the primary herding dog in Iceland, managing sheep across vast, treeless landscapes. The breed nearly went extinct multiple times due to disease epidemics and crossbreeding, and by the mid-20th century fewer than 50 purebred individuals remained. Dedicated breeding programs in Iceland and Scandinavia brought the breed back, and the AKC recognized it in 2010. It remains a source of national pride in Iceland.
Characteristics
Compatibility
Care Guide
The thick double coat needs thorough brushing two to three times weekly, with daily brushing during the intense spring and fall shedding seasons. Do not shave the coat — the double layer provides insulation in both hot and cold weather. Exercise requirements are moderate but should include mental stimulation through training, puzzle toys, or herding activities to keep this intelligent breed engaged. Bark management is the single most important training priority — begin in puppyhood with a reliable quiet cue, and provide enough physical and mental exercise to reduce boredom-driven barking. Icelandic Sheepdogs thrive on companionship and should not be left alone for more than a few hours at a time.
Common Health Issues
- Hip DysplasiaMalformation of the hip joint causing pain and mobility issues. OFA screening and maintaining appropriate body weight are the primary prevention strategies.
- Patellar LuxationThe kneecap slides out of its groove during movement, causing intermittent lameness. Weight management and controlled exercise help mild cases, while surgical correction is needed for persistent or severe luxation.
- DistichiasisExtra eyelashes grow from the eyelid margin and rub against the cornea, causing irritation, tearing, and potential corneal ulceration. Treatment options include cryotherapy or electrolysis to permanently remove the offending lashes.
- CataractsLens opacities that can develop at various ages, from juvenile onset to age-related. Annual eye exams help detect early changes, and surgical removal is effective when vision is significantly compromised.